Pollenatlas

species: Hedera helix (Ivy)
plant family: Araliaceae
at aerobiological analyses usually achieved determination level: Hedera

photos: Landesagentur für Umwelt, Bozen (Italy)

description:
outline: rounded triangular in polar view, in equatorial view circular.
size: polar axis: 28.5 (26-30) µm, equatorial axis: 28.5 (27-30) µm.
apertures: tri-zono-colporate with narrow, fusiform colpi, bordered by a “margo”
pollen wall: thin, reticulate exine, reticulum with lumina of different size (heterobrochate): width of the lumina diminuishes towards the colpi (forming a margo). Exoexine often extends beyond the outside near the colporus; intine thickened in the area of the apertures, mostly also somewhat protruding in this area.

remarks to the plant:
Ivy is an evergreen climbing plant, its shoots carry plenty of clinging rootlets. It grows spontaneous on walls, trees, and rocks in the colline and mountainous levels and it is frequently used as ornamental and for soil cover in shady places. The leathery leaves are angular 3-5 lobed on young (sterile) shoots, they turn to undivided rhombic shape on fertile, sun-exposed shoots. Inflorescences are small, greenish hemispheric umbels, flowering between September and November. They offer lots of nectar to the bees and other insects. The fruits are black berries that ripen the year after.

species: Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem Artichoke)
plant family: Asteraceae
at aerobiological analyses usually achieved determination level: Asteraceae H-shape, Asteraceae

photos: Landesagentur für Umwelt, Bozen (Italy)

description:
outline: rounded triangular in polar view, circulate-ovate in equatorial view
size: polar axis: 35.2 (34-36) µm, equatorial axis 38.9 (37-41) µm
apertures: tricolporate pollen
pollen wall: exine thin, echinate, with fine up to 5 µm long spines. Intine prodrudes underneath the pori.
additional remarks: similar pollen are found in further representatives of the Asteraceae family ( Tussilago, Petasites, Adenostyles, Bidens, Eupatorium Dahlia,…)

Pollen of Helianthus stands here for the Asteraceae H-Form (=Helianthus-Form). These tricolporate pollen have a rather thin exine with more or less fine spines compared to most of the other composites. A clear segregation of singular genera is almost impossible due to the insignificant morphological differences.

remarks to the plant:
Jerusalem Artichoke originates from North America and has become sessile in central and eastern Europe. The tall perennial weed grows along riversides, fallow land, railway tracks and waysides. Originally it was planted as ornamental and because of its edible potato-like rhizomes, nowadays its more often used for animal food. The plant grows up to 3 m tall and has broad lanceolate, serrate leaves. Flower heads are long-stalked, bearing yellow flowers which develop between August and November.

species: Heracleum sphondylium (Hogweed)
plant family: Apiaceae
at aerobiological analyses usually achieved determination level: Apiaceae H-shape, Apiaceae

photos: Landesagentur für Umwelt, Bozen (Italy)

description:
outline: elongated elliptical, prolate in the prevailing equatorial view, slightly waisted at the equator (“lemniscatoide”).
size: polar axis: 43.0 (41.0-45.0) µm, equatorial axis: 22.3 (21.0-23.0) µm
apertures: tricolporate pollen grain with long, narrow, acute colpi and obvious, elliptical pori (longer axis in equatorial direction)
pollen wall: scrabrate exine with clear-cut columellae (often longer near the poles); thin intine, sometimes thickened underneath the porus area
note: many other plants of the Apiaceae (=Umbelliferae) family have similar pollen

Pollen of Heracleum spondylium stands here representative for the Apiaceae H-form (=Heracleum-form)

remarks to the plant:
Nutritient-rich meadows are the favourite stand of hogweed, where it may dominate all other plants. It prefers moist stands like river banks and riverside forests, forming high growing societies. The robust plant can become 1.5 m high. Leaves are polymorph, deeply lobed, or deeply incised. It is further distinguished by a stout dark reddish-purple stem and spotted leaf stalks with sturdy pustulate bristles. The inflorescence is a broad flat-topped umbel composed of many small white, sometimes also yellow-green or pink florets. Flowering time is June to September.

species: Hippophaë rhamnoides
plant family: Elaeagnaceae
at aerobiological analyses usually achieved determination level: Hippophaë, (Elaeagnaceae)

photos: Landesagentur für Umwelt, Bozen (Italy)

description:
outline: in polar view circular – smoothed triangular with protruding pori, circular to elliptical in equatorial view
size: polar axis: 23.9 (21.8-25.7) µm, equatorial axis: 24.4 (23.7-25.7) µm
apertures: tri-zono-colporate with very long, narrow colpi and oval, lalongate pori (around 3.7 x 5.9 µm).
pollen wall: thin, scabrate exine, the outer exine layer forms a vestibulum under each porus. Thin intine, somewhat thickened beyond the pori.
note: (micro-)granulate plasma.

remarks to the plant:
Sea Buckthorn is a dioecious, spiky bush which grows preferably on gravel soils, along riversides and alluvions. Male flowers form globular inflorescences, the female flowers are united to short, paucifloral clusters. Flowering time is April. Fruits are edible and contain much of vitamine C.

species: Humulus lupulus (Hop)
plant family: Cannabaceae
at aerobiological analyses usually achieved determination level: Humulus, Cannabaceae

photos: Landesagentur für Umwelt, Bozen (Italy)

description:
outline: circular in polar view, ovate in equatorial view
size: polar axis: 18.9 (17-21) µm, equatorial axis 21.1 (20-23) µm
apertures: triporate pollen with sometimes slightly protrusive pori, diameter of the pori about 2 µm, pori with a subtle anulus.
pollen wall: exine very thin, scabrate. The very thin intine forms very deep germination areas (onci).
additional remarks: granular cytoplasm, similar pollen in Cannabis

remarks to the plant:
Hop grows commonly in hedgerows, scrub and wood-borders in central Europe. This twining perennial climber may reach up to 8m with its square, annually produced hairy stems. Leaves stand in opposite pairs they are deeply palmately lobed. The small, green male flowers are arranged in limp branched inflorescences, females are green as well, but cone-like, producing the familiar hop fruits with a lot of bitter substances. Flowering time is July and August.